Big thanks to @MichaelCapon and @Scott Moseman for the suggestions. Unfortunately, we couldn't dive deeper into the slow NBD backup issue due to a lack of VMware experts and time. However, we installed a VSA proxy and switched to Hotadd mode, which significantly improved VMware backup performance (up to 450MB/s for some subclients). That said, performance for other subclients wasn’t as impressive, leading us to consider using multiple VSA proxies for load balancing. Overall, I recommend rethinking the backup strategy and opting for more efficient transport modes, rather than focusing too much on troubleshooting the virtualization platform itself.